A GIS-Based Spatial Categorization of Priority Areas for Environmental Quality Improvement in the Cultural Heritage Areas of Surabaya City, Indonesia

Abstract

Conventional development approaches that prioritize economic growth often overlook social and environmental dimensions, resulting in inequality and declining environmental quality, particularly within cultural heritage areas. This study proposes an integrated analytical framework combining Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to classify heritage kampongs based on slum severity and to spatially assess environmental quality in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Spatial overlay analysis using ArcGIS was employed to identify intersections between designated cultural heritage areas and slum settlements, while primary survey data were utilized to evaluate environmental conditions based on established slum indicators. Subsequently, IPA was applied to identify and prioritize the most critical attributes influencing slum severity. The findings revealed that several heritage kampongs exhibited pronounced slum characteristics, with key issues including inadequate drainage systems, poor road infrastructure, and limited living space per capita. By integrating IPA with GIS-based spatial analysis, this study not only reveals patterns of environmental degradation but also pinpoints priority attributes requiring intervention. The resulting classification and spatial visualization provide a robust basis for formulating targeted strategies to improve environmental quality in urban heritage contexts.